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试试 nircmd.exe

shellrefresh

Initiate a general refersh for Windows Explorer. This refresh command can be useful if you make a change in the Registry related to the shell file types (For example, if you change the icon of .gif extension), and you want that your changes will take affect immediately.
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sysrefresh {Refresh Type}

Initiate a general system refresh. You can use this command to refresh your system after changing your system settings in the Registry (e.g: changing desktop icons size, environment variables, and so on..) {Refresh Type} is optional. You can specify one of the following values: "environment" - for refreshing the environment variables, "policy" - for policy settings, "intl" for locale settings.
Examples:
sysrefresh
sysrefresh environment
sysrefresh policy